Biography Architect: Sir Edwin Lutyens Landseer (1869-1944)

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Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens was named painter, a friend of the family - was born in London in 1869 and died there of cancer seventy-five years later. At the time, I wondered, did he design buildings and memories more than the other architects in history? "Some years he has half a dozen on the go at the same time, each with its own style - which changed from Arts and Crafts Movement in the nineteenth century, to the more classical sense in the early twentieth, for a mixture of European and Indian in 1920,
and with what his biographer called "simplified Queen Anne." Among the building was the British Embassy in Washington, House Viceroy in New Delhi, Castle Drogo in Devon, churches, office buildings, domestic houses, cemeteries, monuments , memorials and, not least, Cenotaph - a simple rectangle of Portland stone - in Whitehall.
He was the tenth of thirteen children in a large Victorian family but too fine to go to school. Do not go to public school, he said, leaving him embarrassed by the committee and officials but taught him to see and think for themselves - for example, as a child he created himself made a sketch of a square of plain glass. He saw the building through it while tracing their outlines on the glass with a sharp stick soap. Professionally, he began studying architecture at the South Kensington School of Art (now Royal College) between 1885-7. Of course it was never completed and the next year he went as a student to pay to the company from Ernst George and Peto before establishing his own practice when he was only nineteen. In 1889 he was commissioned to build a small private house, Crooksbury, near Farnham in Surrey. Soon, her style is influenced by Philip Webb and William Morris. Now, too, he met Gertrude Jekyll, the garden designer. Together they designed and built a number of houses with typical Jekyll garden, including his own, Munstead Wood. Often the results are published - and published - in Edward Hudson Country Life magazine (still strong, still showing country houses). Then Lutyens restored Lindisfarne Castle on Holy Island off the Northumberland coast, which is owned by the Hudson at the time.
In 1900 he came under the influence of Norman Shaw and the English Renaissance style. Now, too, he also designed the office building. In 1908 he was the architect for the new Hampstead Garden suburb, designing civic center and two churches. In 1909 he was a consulting architect in international exhibitions in Turin and Rome - Roman building is today the British School in the city. During these years, too, he was in South Africa to design Jo'burg Art Gallery and Rand war memorial. In 1910 he was asked to design the new British fort - Castle Drogo in Devon. It took twenty-two years to build and is now owned by the National Trust.
In 1912 he was part of the Planning Commission who built New Delhi on a green field site as the seat of the new government in India. Lutyens designed the Governor-General (among others). For that he found another new style of architecture - parts of India, parts of Europe - which he used later to Campion Hall, a new college in Oxford. Fellow architect was Sir Herbert Baker, the first man who was in the back office Peto in the 1880s. There are serious professionals falling between two people, it seems more siting and approach to the Viceroy's House. He, Lutyens said, met his Bakerloo. (A joke that makes more sense if you know that the Bakerloo line is a line of the London Underground railway.)


Private Practice
He started his own practice in 1888, his first commission being a private house in Crooksbury, Farnham, Surrey. During this work, he met the garden designer Gertrude Jekyll and horticulture. In 1896 he began work on a house for Jekyll at Munstead Wood, Godalming, Surrey. That was the beginning of a professional partnership that will determine the appearance of many Lutyens country houses.
The "Lutyens-Jekyll" garden overflowed with strong bushes and planting herbs in enterprise architecture classicising stairs and balustraded terraces. Combined style, from formal to informal, exemplified by brick roads, softened by billowing herbaceous borders, full of lilies, lupins, delphiniums, and lavender is in direct contrast to the scheme was very formal place favored by previous generations in the 19th century. This new "natural" style is to define the "English garden" until modern times.
Fame Lutyens' grows mainly through the popularity of the new lifestyle magazine Country Life created by Edward Hudson, which featured many design. Hudson is an admirer of Lutyens style and commissioned Lutyens for a number of projects, including Lindisfarne Castle and Country Life headquarters building in London, at 8 Tavistock Street. One of his assistants in 1890 was Maxwell Ayrton.

Job

Initially, his designs all the Arts and Crafts style, a good example being Overstrand Hall Norfolk and Le Bois des Moutiers (1898) in France, but during the early 1900s his work became more classical in style. His commission that is varies from private houses to two churches for the new Hampstead Garden Suburb in London to Julius Drewe's Castle Drogo in Devon near Drewsteignton and to contribute to the new imperial capital of India, New Delhi, (where he worked as head architect with Herbert Baker and others). He also designed for family Hannen Columbarium at Wargrave. Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and urbanization scheme on Mughal water garden. He also designed the Hyderabad House for the last Nizam of Hyderabad, as his Delhi palace.
He also designed a chalk building, Marsh Court, in Hampshire, England. Built between 1901 and 1905, it was the last of the Tudor design and is based on a variant of ancient rammed earth building techniques. In 1903 the main school building of Amesbury Prep School in Hindhead, Surrey, was designed and built as a private residence. It is now a Grade 2 listed building of National Significance.

Before the end of World War I, he was appointed as one of the three principal architects for the Imperial War Graves Commission and was involved with the creation of many monuments to commemorate the dead. Funeral greater have Stone of Remembrance, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. The most famous of these monuments is the Cenotaph in Whitehall, Westminster, and the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, Thiepval. Cenotaph was originally commissioned by David Lloyd George as a temporary structure to be the centerpiece of the Allied Victory Parade in 1919. Lloyd George proposed a catafalque, a low empty platform, but it's the idea of ​​Lutyens' for high monument. Design less than six hours to complete. Many local war memorials (such as those in the All 'Saints, Northampton), Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario, Victoria, British Columbia, and Vancouver, British Columbia are Lutyens designs based on the Cenotaph. He also designed the War Memorial Gardens in Dublin, which was restored in the 1990s. Other works include the Tower Hill memorial, and (like in the future India Gate design) a memorial in Victoria Park in Leicester. Lutyens also refurbished Lindisfarne Castle for its wealthy owner.
He was knighted in 1918 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy in 1921. In 1924, he was elected to the newly created Royal Fine Art Commission, a position he held until his death.
While work continues in New Delhi, Lutyens continued to receive other commissions including several commercial buildings in London and the British Embassy in Washington, DC.
In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is probably the most popular design: Queen Mary's Dolls 'House'. This four-storey Palladian villa was built on a scale of 1/12 and is now a permanent exhibit in public areas Windsor Castle. It was not conceived or built as a toy for children; goal is to show the best English skills of the period.
Lutyens was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool. He planned a large building of brick and granite, topped with towers and a 510-foot dome, with commissioned sculpture work by Charles Sargeant Jagger and WCH King. Work on this magnificent building began in 1933, but was suspended for the Second World War. After the war, the project ended due to lack of funds, with only the basement is finished. A model building Lutyens' unrealized delivered and returned by ([Walker Art Gallery]) in 1975 and now on display at the Museum of Liverpool. The architect of the present Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, which was built over land adjacent to the basement and was ordained in 1967, was Sir Frederick Gibberd.
In 1945, a year after his death, A Plan for the City & County of Kingston upon Hull published. Lutyens worked on the plan with Sir Patrick Abercrombie and they are credited as co-writer. Abercrombie introduction in the plan makes special reference to Lutyens contribution. The plan was, however, rejected by Hull City Council.

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