Great Wall of China or the Great Wall of China (Traditional Hanzi: 长城; Hanzi simple: 长城; Pinyin: Changcheng), also known in China as the Wall Along the 10,000 Li ¹ (万里长城; 万里长城; Wanli Changcheng) is the longest building that human ever made , located in People's Republic of China.
Great Wall of China is considered as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. In 1987, the building was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Great Wall of China is not a continuous length, but a collection of short walls that follow the shape of mountains of northern China. On April 18, 2009, after an investigation by the government accurately People's Republic of China, announced that the giant wall constructed in the Ming Dynasty period length is 8851 km.
According to historical records, after a long wall built by the Sun, then the technical term is "Changcheng" (长城, "great wall" or "long wall"). Previously no such term. The term Great Wall of China in Chinese is "Wanli Changcheng", meaning "walls that are 10 thousand li". At the present time the term is officially used.
In 2009, the Agency for Surveys and Mapping Agency and the Cultural Heritage Administration of People's Republic of China conducted a study to recalculate the length of the Great Wall of China. The results showed that the Great Wall of China is longer than the range of the currently known. According to measurements, the overall length of the wall to reach 8,850 miles. The project has also found other parts of the wall with a length 359 km, 2232 km along the trench, as well as natural barriers such as hills and rivers along the 2232 km. Average span of the Great Wall of China is 5,000 miles, generally quoted from historical records.
The gate of Shanhaiguan
The structure serves as a fortified gate at key positions. Composed of:
Chengqiang or stockade (城墙), with a maximum height of 10 meters. The outer part is made of a large brick or granite stone. The inside is made from ground yellow or a mixture of pebbles. At the top of the wall can be passed horseman. On the side walls are square-shaped protective wall as a place to watch and cover.
Chenglou or tower gate (城楼): door to enter and exit the border, as the exit while attacking enemy forces. Gate named after the gap.
Wangcheng: small wall outside the great wall that serves as a protective gate.
Luocheng: second wall to protect wengcheng.
Ditches and drains in to slow the movement of enemies, giving an opportunity to strike quickly.
Wall
Badaling Great Wall sections.
The main body of the wall is a giant wall architecture. Its function is to connect the flare tower, towers and gates into a line of defense. Height depends on the shape of the plains. On strategic areas made higher. At the time of crossing the mountains or areas with uneven shapes made as low as possible to save on materials and labor. Average of 23-26 foot high walls.
Important parts in the wall:
nuqiang (女 墙), a protective wall on the side of the wall structure. Built to protect the soldiers and horses on the wall. If the giant wall across the side of a steep mountain, built only one fruit nuqiang to save material.
duokou (垛口) slotted wall to lurk. Doukou is still covered by a protective layer of the wall again.
horse paths: the path next to the watchtower which can be passed riders to reach the top of the wall.
Quanmen: arched door on the inside of the wall as the entrance to the top of the wall.
Wall of Jiayuguan in Gansu province.
Wall section between Simatai and Jinshanling
The material used to create a giant wall of differing according dynastic period. Before the bricks found, the great wall is made of earth, stone and wood. Because of its construction always requires a lot of resources, workers utilizing improvised materials. As it passes through the mountain, the mountain stone will be used. When building on flat ground, walls made of soil digemburkan and if through the desert, the material used is sand mixed grass and twigs of coniferous trees. Wall of the material brittle, easily broken and destroyed quickly.
In the Qin Dynasty, the technology has not been developed, so that the material used is soil or gravel mixed soil. At that time the castle structure has not been established. Some parts of the wall only consists of a mound of large rocks.
At the time of the Han Dynasty, soil and rock material as the past is still commonly used.
During the Tang Dynasty, bricks have been produced. However, because it is expensive, limited to the city gates and walls that close.
New in the Ming Dynasty, the wall construction technology is more advanced. However, only in the middle period of the dynasty produced quality bricks. Brick is better than soil or gravel because it is lighter, and more effective load resistance in a fast time. Stone is still used, especially for the foundation, inner and outer periphery gates because stronger than a brick. Limestone slurry with sticky rice is effective as a cement to glue the bricks.
New discovery
In recent years started to find some walls in areas of China that is not affordable. In 1998, the site was found near one of the walls in the silk road between the provinces of Gansu and Xinjiang. The walls are built of yellow sandy soil and twigs Eucalyptus marginata has a length of 500 km, including the sturdy fortress. This discovery adds to a long great wall to be 2,700 km.
In the desert in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region who moved around a lot, also has opened up the walls and fortress construction Ming.
The discovery of inscriptions carved posts that contain China in various areas around the walls became an important source of written historical documentation of the construction of the Great Wall of China. The earliest inscription is an inscription Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577). Ming Dynasty inscriptions are found in Beijing and Hebei province, but the danger of being corrupted or lost due to rain, wind, erosion and environmental damage.
In that study, GPS and infrared technology that is used to help detect some storm buried sections pasir.Bagian new-found section was constructed during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) that stretches from Hu Mountain in northern Liaoning province to Jiayu Pass in western Gansu province. The project also charted parts of the wall that was founded in the time of the Qin (221-206 BC) and Han (206 BC-9M).
Damage and maintenance
Although it is a protected site, the Great Wall of China suffered a lot of damage is largely due to the haphazard development of infrastructure, theft inscription stone artifacts and parts of the wall and repairs done haphazardly.
Conservation report in early 2004 reported that only one third of the 6,350 km long wall which is still preserved, making the range wall "getting shorter". Many residents around the ancient sites do not know because they live close to the view of the Great Wall is a solid bulwark Ming architecture, but the actual condition of the Great Wall of China is not uniform. Residents around the great wall using bricks to build houses and livestock pens.
Wall outside Beijing is the most threatened, as in the provinces of Shaanxi and Ningxia. Range of 2,000 km wall in Shaanxi province, one third of 850 km from Ming structure has been lost to infrastructure development and industrial activity. A total of 40 holes for wall penetrated by road vehicles.
Meanwhile, the Great Wall in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region which has a length of 1500 km were established from various periods ranging from the Warring States Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty is the most vulnerable to vandalism such as broken vehicle paths and erosion.
Efforts and renovation projects have been carried out by the People's Republic of China government in order to repair the damage. One way to open the Wall of Studies majors (长城 学; Changchengxue) in universities lokal.Studi This is a new branch of Chinese history developed to attract the attention of archaeologists and young researchers to trace the history of the Great Wall and its preservation.
Great Wall of China is considered as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. In 1987, the building was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Great Wall of China is not a continuous length, but a collection of short walls that follow the shape of mountains of northern China. On April 18, 2009, after an investigation by the government accurately People's Republic of China, announced that the giant wall constructed in the Ming Dynasty period length is 8851 km.
According to historical records, after a long wall built by the Sun, then the technical term is "Changcheng" (长城, "great wall" or "long wall"). Previously no such term. The term Great Wall of China in Chinese is "Wanli Changcheng", meaning "walls that are 10 thousand li". At the present time the term is officially used.
In 2009, the Agency for Surveys and Mapping Agency and the Cultural Heritage Administration of People's Republic of China conducted a study to recalculate the length of the Great Wall of China. The results showed that the Great Wall of China is longer than the range of the currently known. According to measurements, the overall length of the wall to reach 8,850 miles. The project has also found other parts of the wall with a length 359 km, 2232 km along the trench, as well as natural barriers such as hills and rivers along the 2232 km. Average span of the Great Wall of China is 5,000 miles, generally quoted from historical records.
The gate of Shanhaiguan
The structure serves as a fortified gate at key positions. Composed of:
Chengqiang or stockade (城墙), with a maximum height of 10 meters. The outer part is made of a large brick or granite stone. The inside is made from ground yellow or a mixture of pebbles. At the top of the wall can be passed horseman. On the side walls are square-shaped protective wall as a place to watch and cover.
Chenglou or tower gate (城楼): door to enter and exit the border, as the exit while attacking enemy forces. Gate named after the gap.
Wangcheng: small wall outside the great wall that serves as a protective gate.
Luocheng: second wall to protect wengcheng.
Ditches and drains in to slow the movement of enemies, giving an opportunity to strike quickly.
Wall
Badaling Great Wall sections.
The main body of the wall is a giant wall architecture. Its function is to connect the flare tower, towers and gates into a line of defense. Height depends on the shape of the plains. On strategic areas made higher. At the time of crossing the mountains or areas with uneven shapes made as low as possible to save on materials and labor. Average of 23-26 foot high walls.
Important parts in the wall:
nuqiang (女 墙), a protective wall on the side of the wall structure. Built to protect the soldiers and horses on the wall. If the giant wall across the side of a steep mountain, built only one fruit nuqiang to save material.
duokou (垛口) slotted wall to lurk. Doukou is still covered by a protective layer of the wall again.
horse paths: the path next to the watchtower which can be passed riders to reach the top of the wall.
Quanmen: arched door on the inside of the wall as the entrance to the top of the wall.
Wall of Jiayuguan in Gansu province.
Wall section between Simatai and Jinshanling
The material used to create a giant wall of differing according dynastic period. Before the bricks found, the great wall is made of earth, stone and wood. Because of its construction always requires a lot of resources, workers utilizing improvised materials. As it passes through the mountain, the mountain stone will be used. When building on flat ground, walls made of soil digemburkan and if through the desert, the material used is sand mixed grass and twigs of coniferous trees. Wall of the material brittle, easily broken and destroyed quickly.
In the Qin Dynasty, the technology has not been developed, so that the material used is soil or gravel mixed soil. At that time the castle structure has not been established. Some parts of the wall only consists of a mound of large rocks.
At the time of the Han Dynasty, soil and rock material as the past is still commonly used.
During the Tang Dynasty, bricks have been produced. However, because it is expensive, limited to the city gates and walls that close.
New in the Ming Dynasty, the wall construction technology is more advanced. However, only in the middle period of the dynasty produced quality bricks. Brick is better than soil or gravel because it is lighter, and more effective load resistance in a fast time. Stone is still used, especially for the foundation, inner and outer periphery gates because stronger than a brick. Limestone slurry with sticky rice is effective as a cement to glue the bricks.
New discovery
In recent years started to find some walls in areas of China that is not affordable. In 1998, the site was found near one of the walls in the silk road between the provinces of Gansu and Xinjiang. The walls are built of yellow sandy soil and twigs Eucalyptus marginata has a length of 500 km, including the sturdy fortress. This discovery adds to a long great wall to be 2,700 km.
In the desert in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region who moved around a lot, also has opened up the walls and fortress construction Ming.
The discovery of inscriptions carved posts that contain China in various areas around the walls became an important source of written historical documentation of the construction of the Great Wall of China. The earliest inscription is an inscription Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577). Ming Dynasty inscriptions are found in Beijing and Hebei province, but the danger of being corrupted or lost due to rain, wind, erosion and environmental damage.
In that study, GPS and infrared technology that is used to help detect some storm buried sections pasir.Bagian new-found section was constructed during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) that stretches from Hu Mountain in northern Liaoning province to Jiayu Pass in western Gansu province. The project also charted parts of the wall that was founded in the time of the Qin (221-206 BC) and Han (206 BC-9M).
Damage and maintenance
Although it is a protected site, the Great Wall of China suffered a lot of damage is largely due to the haphazard development of infrastructure, theft inscription stone artifacts and parts of the wall and repairs done haphazardly.
Conservation report in early 2004 reported that only one third of the 6,350 km long wall which is still preserved, making the range wall "getting shorter". Many residents around the ancient sites do not know because they live close to the view of the Great Wall is a solid bulwark Ming architecture, but the actual condition of the Great Wall of China is not uniform. Residents around the great wall using bricks to build houses and livestock pens.
Wall outside Beijing is the most threatened, as in the provinces of Shaanxi and Ningxia. Range of 2,000 km wall in Shaanxi province, one third of 850 km from Ming structure has been lost to infrastructure development and industrial activity. A total of 40 holes for wall penetrated by road vehicles.
Meanwhile, the Great Wall in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region which has a length of 1500 km were established from various periods ranging from the Warring States Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty is the most vulnerable to vandalism such as broken vehicle paths and erosion.
Efforts and renovation projects have been carried out by the People's Republic of China government in order to repair the damage. One way to open the Wall of Studies majors (长城 学; Changchengxue) in universities lokal.Studi This is a new branch of Chinese history developed to attract the attention of archaeologists and young researchers to trace the history of the Great Wall and its preservation.
You're reading an article about Great Wall of China, China and you can find this article url Great Wall of China, Chinathis url
http://chicabi-uniquearchitecture.blogspot.com/2013/06/great-wall-of-china-china.html. You may distribute or copy this article Great Wall of China, China This is beneficial if you or your friends, but do not forget to put the source link.
No comments:
Post a Comment